2013年10月29日星期二

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Great olympians Brasher was a maverick buccaneer of the second elizabethan age, whose wide-Ranging list of achievements extended well beyond the boundaries of the athletics track. -Stephen downes writing in the independent newspaper, 1 march, 2003. Perhaps, in the great pantheon of olympic heroes and heroines, chris brasher barely seems to deserve a mention.In fact, most people will only know of him by association with an athlete most britons will believe, erroneously, to be a greater olympian.By those who knew him, and many who didn't, brasher will probably be remembered with greater fondness than most.His manifold achievements and lifelong dedication to athletics mean that, by rights, he should be considered one of britain's greatest sporting figures of all time. Chris brasher was born on 21 august, 1928, in georgetown, british guiana, and was the son of a british radio engineer.In 1935, he was sent to be educated at rugby public school and then at cambridge university.It was at cambridge that brasher's lifelong love affair with the outdoors began.He led two expeditions to the arctic before his 22nd birthday and, according to the independent's obituary at least, was a reserve for lord hunt's successful everest expedition1.Brasher also enjoyed running, but did not seem to have the talent for greatness.As he said himself in 2000, 'i was a scrubber, somebody who has no bloody talent but just keeps scrubbing away.' Realising that he just wasn't fast enough to compete over short distances, he turned his attention to the steeplechase, and in 1952 represented Britain at the Helsinki Olympics, coming second-From-Last in 11th place.It was another two years before he truly arrived on the athletics scene. The four-Minute milein the early 1950s, a greater race than any single event was in progress.The mile had never been run in less than four minutes, but three men were edging closer to this astonishing achievement.All three, john landy of australia, wes sandee of the usa, and roger bannister of the uk, had run it in a shade over 4:02 by spring 1954.Bannister had single-Mindedly trained for the distance for 18 months, and had used brasher and other athletes as pacesetters.On 2 may, 1953, bannister, brasher and chris chataway lined up for in a mile race at iffley road, oxford.Brasher set the pace first: The gun fired.Brasher went into the lead and i slipped in effortlessly behind him, feeling tremendously full of running.We seemed to be going so slowly!Impatiently i shouted'faster!'.But brasher kept his head and did not change the pace.I kept on worrying until i heard the first lap time, 57.5 sec.In the excitement my knowledge of pace had deserted me.Brasher could have run the first quarter in 55 seconds without my realising it, because i felt so full of running, but i should have had to pay for it later.Instead he made success possible. -Roger bannister, the first four minutes after two laps, chataway took over before bannister made a final dash for the line.He crossed it clearly first, but in what time?The athletes and crowd waited for the result.Norris mcwhirter, later of the guinness book of records and always a man for a dramatic moment, built the tension almost unbearably in announcing the result. Ladies and gentlemen, here is the result of event nine, the one-Mile.First, number41, rg bannister, amateur athletic association and formerly of exeter and merton colleges, oxford, with a time which is a new meeting and track record, and which-Subject to ratification-Will be a new english native, british national, all-Comers, european, british empire, and world record.The time was 3.The crowd roared, as mcwhirter confirmed the time of 3:59.4.The mile had been run in under four minutes for the first time. Brasher and chataway had both played huge roles in bannister's achievement but, in the public view, there was of course only one hero.Bannister went on to become commonwealth and european champion in 1954 and is still considered one of britain's greatest athletes, while chataway took silver in the european championships the same year.Both were eventually knighted;Bannister primarily for his future work as a neurologist and chataway for his business and political careers. Neither would win an olympic medal. The 1956 olympics the image of the huffing, teeth-Gritted bespectacled pacemaker in front of the loping roger bannister was the first public memory of him. -Brough scott in the sunday telegraph, march 2003.Brasher was inspired by bannister's dedication, and took on a gritty single-Mindedness of his own.He left his job at mobil oil, gave up smoking and mountaineering and left his girlfriend.His mind was set on the steeplechase at the melbourne olympics.In fact, after a year of hard work, he nearly didn't qualify after a loss of form, and only barely scraped through when another british olympian, john disley, did a little pacesetting himself in a german meet and helped brasher squeeze into the final place in the squad. Photographs of brasher running the steeplechase show a real, Tomsawyers Sale gritty, corinthian spirit.With his thick-Rimmed round spectacles, face contorted into a kind of gasping grimace, he appears an odd contender, but the never-Say-Die spirit of the underdog paid off.With 300m to go, brasher moved to the outside and sprinted for the line, crossing it a full five seconds before his nearest rival, hungary's sándor rozsnyói.His elation turned to confusion, however, as rozsnyói was announced as the winner, with ernst larsen of norway second and germany's heinz laufer third.Brasher had been disqualified for interfering with the run of larsen. The british team made their way over to the judges and launched an appeal.It was supported by larsen, who told the judges he had not been interfered with at any point, and laufer, who was so angry he threatened to throw his bronze medal at the judges if he was awarded it.These were innocent and sporting times.After three hours, the decision was overturned, and brasher was awarded gold.Returning to britain, he took a job as sports editor with the observer newspaper, a publication he would be associated with for 35 years.During his time there, he heard of a sport the scandinavians called 'orientation', and decided it could be a success in britain too.His friend john disley had taken part in the sport a number of times, and there were occasional meetings in the uk, so while brasher didn't exactly introduce it to the uk he certainly helped to popularise it.Disley, brasher and roger bannister became the public faces of 'orienteering', as it was now known, and in 1965 brasher became chairman of the english orienteering association.Many still consider him to be the father of orienteering in the uk. He spent much of his later life returning to his roots as an avid hillwalker and mountaineer.In 1973, while walking a 180-Mile route in wales, brasher suffered from serious blisters in his tough mountaineering boots and posted his boots home, completing his walk in a pair of trainers.Realising that there could be a market for comfortable walking boots, he designed his own just in time for the outdoor leisure boom, with his first pair going on the market in 1978, and 'brashers' are still among the finest boots available.His design would make him a millionaire. In 1979, brasher and his old friend disley took part in the new york marathon.Stories of the marathon had reached the observer's sports desk, and brasher realised that it could make a great story.On his return, he wrote: To believe this story you must believe that the human race can be one joyous family, working together, laughing together, achieving the impossible.I believe it because i saw it happen.Last sunday in one of the most trouble-Stricken cities of the world, 11, 532 men, women and children from 40 countries of the world, assisted by one million black, white and yellow people, protestants and catholics, jews and muslims, buddhists and confucians, laughed, cheered and suffered during the greatest folk festival the world has seen.And at the end of it all the story was written in their faces-Faces of contentment and happiness. Last sunday millions of us saw a vision of the human race, happy and united, willing their fellow human beings to a pointless but wonderful victory over mental doubt and bodily frailty.I wonder whether london could stage such a festival?We have the course, a magnificent course, but do we have the heart and hospitality to welcome the world? If new york could do it, why not london?Disley and brasher had worked together on orienteering events for many years, with brasher taking care of the routes and disley the overall organisation, but for the marathon they swapped roles, realising that brasher's more public face and influence would be more useful as the event's figurehead.It was a huge undertaking, and brasher made regular trips to new york to see how the event there was planned and executed.With disley, he found sponsors, worked out routes, liaised with the greater london council over their plans and encouraged his friends on sports desks around the country to publicise the event.The first london marathon took place on 29 march, 1981, when 7, 500 people took part.By 2007, over 30, 000 runners were taking part each year, and over £200 million had been raised for charity.Not only that, but london had shown the olympic organisers that it could put on big sporting events, and was awarded the 2012 games. Brasher remained a passionate conservationist, contributing heavily to campaigns to fund the purchase of land around ben nevis, land around snowdon and the petersham meadows campaign, among others. Brasher was finally honoured with a cbe in 1996 from john major.It was not the first time he'd been offered the honour, famously turning down margaret thatcher with the words'i couldn't take it from that bloody woman.She did nothing for british sport.' Chris brasher died of cancer on 27 february, 2003, at the age of 74.His favourite quote, by robert browning, sums up his attitude towards life: Ah, but a man's reach should exceed his grasp, or what's a heaven for?1While this may have been true, Hunt notes in his book The Ascent of Everest, that the reserves were 'JH Emlyn Jones, John Jackson, Anthony Rawlinson, Hamish Nicol and, at a later Tomsawyers online mens black jackets gore-tex stage, Jack Tucker.' Brasher's name is not mentioned.The two did take part in a british expedition to the caucasus in 1958, and co-Wrote 'the red snows', a 1960 account of the trip. Related external links The independent:Obituarysunday telegraph:Tributefund-Raising triumph saves snowdon for Tomsawyers Jackets the nationpetersham meadowsthe times:Obituarythe telegraph:Obituarythe guardian:Obituaryranelagh harriers

2013年10月17日星期四

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Effects of global warming in Tomsawyers online mens red black jackets gore-tex the arctic The arctic and the antarctic regions play very important roles.How?First, like the human eyes, they are the mirrors to the soul;They are the first to manifest adverse effects like global warming.We witness these changes rather most drastically in these polar regions.Another correspondingly direct effect of global warming is:Any change in the polar conditions affects those of all the other regions. Once the polar ice melts, this flushes more freshwater from the region's rivers, consequently holding the ocean from circulating fast enough, thereby causing higher sea levels.With more ice melting, more land and bodies of liquid water are exposed to the heat of the sun.These two, which naturally absorb more heat than snow and ice, causes more warming oceans and land masses.Worst of all is borne by the arctic's perennially frozen soil-Melting of the polar ice releases the greenhouse gases(Carbon and methane)Trapped within.This is very dangerous as the arctic permafrost contains a Tomsawyers Sale third of the planet's total soil carbon content. Man-Made emissions would fade in comparison is all this carbon were released.The national center for atmospheric research has also predicted that the arctic could be ice-Free starting 2040 and sea ice reduced by 80% in the next couple of decades. Warming of the arctic has already been felt and is now a cause for apprehension.Fish and wildlife service(Usf ws)Announced that the polar bears who once roamed the territory freely may soon be classified under the list of endangered species.The agency has, in fact, done the initial steps already formally proposing to do such that, include the polar bears in the critical registry.This alarming announcement has, in effect, granted the request(Later escalating to a demand by way of a lawsuit against the usf ws)Of 3 organizations(The center for biological diversity, the national resources defense council or nrdc, and greenpeace. For years, these three have been urging the us government precisely to act on the problem.An nrdc executive strongly referred to global warming as the one major threat to the survival of the polar bears.He urged further to stop delaying the action and to go full-Force;No more half-Measures. Enlisting the species as endangered is not even the culmination of the unified effort;It is only the initial part of a long process.It should take the us fish and wildlife service around one year to study the proposal before they decide on an action to take.Meantime, there is imminent danger that the polar bear would totally lose its sea-Ice habitat as this one year rolls by.Loss of sea ice also means loss of their main source of food which are ice seals.This could also result to more mortality as the bears would tend to cannibalize their ranks in the absence of prey.Why?Mainly because enlisting a species as endangered does not necessarily mean ready plans would immediately be implemented. Steps would involve a stoppage on all activities that threaten the bears survival, before developing and implementing of a recovery plan are put Tomsawyers Jackets to order by the fish and wildlife service.Faced with the rate greenhouse gases are being emitted from the arctic, this will indeed be a daunting task. Talking about populations, it is not just that of the polar bears which lie victim to global warming.The inuits,(A member of the eskimo peoples living in northernmost north america down to eastern canada and greenland)Depend on the sea ice for food.The dismal and continued shortening of their hunting season by 50% has had drastic effects on their lives.